Resources - Ontologies

ONT1

AGROVOC. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: agrovoc. AGROVOC is a controlled vocabulary covering areas of interest of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations. Areas include food, nutrition, agriculture, fisheries, forestry, environment, etc. It includes class terms such as Triticum aestivum, Puccinia graminis, and Xanthomonas. URL: http://aims.fao.org/standards/agrovoc/functionalities/search.

ONT2

Adverse Event Reporting Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: aero. Adverse Event Reporting Ontology (AERO) is aimed at supporting clinicians at the time of data entry, increasing quality and accuracy of reported adverse events. It includes object property terms such as found to exhibit, has specified input, and has specified output. URL: https://code.google.com/p/adverse-event-reporting-ontology/.

ONT3

Agrontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: agrontology. Agrontology is the OWL vocabulary providing domain properties to AGROVOC. It includes object property terms such as hasPest, isCausedBy, and hasPropagationMaterial. URL: http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrontology#.

ONT4

Basic Formal Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: bfo. Basic Formal Ontology (BFO) is a small, upper level ontology designed to support information retrieval, analysis and integration in scientific and other domains. It does not contain physical, chemical, biological or other terms which would properly fall within the coverage domains of the special sciences. BFO is used by more than 100 ontology-driven endeavors throughout the world. URL: http://www.ifomis.org/bfo/.

ONT5

Bibliographic Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: bibo. Bibliographic Ontology describe bibliographic things on the semantic Web in RDF. This ontology can be used as a citation ontology, as a document classification ontology, or simply as a way to describe any kind of document in RDF. URL: http://bibliontology.com/.

ONT6

Chemical Entities of Biological Interest. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: chebi. Chemical Entities of Biological Interest (ChEBI) is a freely available dictionary of molecular entities focused on 'small' chemical compounds. URL: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/.

ONT7

Chemical Information Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: cheminf. Chemical information ontology (cheminf) describes information entities about chemical entities. It provides qualitative and quantitative attributes to richly describe chemicals. URL: https://code.google.com/p/semanticchemistry/.

ONT8

Chemical Methods Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: chmo. Chemical Methods Ontology (CHMO) describes methods used to collect data in chemical experiments, such as mass spectrometry and electron microscopy; prepare and separate material for further analysis, such as sample ionization, chromatography and electrophoresis; synthesis materials, such as epitaxy and continuous vapor deposition. It also describes the instruments used in these experiments, such as mass spectrometers and chromatography columns. URL: https://code.google.com/p/rsc-cmo/.

ONT9

Climate and Forecast meta data. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: cfmd. Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata conventions are conventions for the description of Earth sciences data. CF is intended for use with estimation and forecasting data in the atmosphere, ocean and other physical domains. URL: http://cfconventions.org/index.html.

ONT10

Creative Commons. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: cc. Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (CC REL) lets you describe copyright licenses in RDF. URL: http://creativecommons.org/ns#.

ONT11

Drug Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: dron. Drug Ontology (DRON) supports comparative effectiveness researchers studying claims data. URL: https://ontology.atlassian.net/wiki/display/DRON/Drug+Ontology+Home.

ONT12

Dublin Core. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: dc. Dublin Core is a set of vocabulary terms to describe web resources (video, images, web pages) and physical resources such as books, CDs, and objects like artworks. One important purpose is to provide interoperability for metadata vocabularies in the Linked data cloud and Semantic web implementations. URL: http://purl.org/dc/terms/.

ONT13

EDAM Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: edam. EDAM (Embrace Data and Methods) is an ontology of common bioinformatics operations, topics, types of data and formats. It includes class terms such as Data, Sequence alignment, and OWL/XML. URL: http://edamontology.org/.

ONT14

Environment Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: envo. EnvO is a community ontology for the concise, controlled description of environments. It includes class terms such as animal manure, ditch water, and grass silage. URL: http://environmentontology.org/.

ONT15

Enzyme Commission. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ec. Enzyme Commission number (EC number) is a numerical classification scheme for enzymes, based on the chemical reactions they catalyze. As a system of enzyme nomenclature, every EC number is associated with a recommended name for the respective enzyme. Strictly speaking, EC numbers do not specify enzymes, but enzyme-catalyzed reactions. If different enzymes (for instance from different organisms) catalyze the same reaction, then they receive the same EC number. Furthermore, through convergent evolution, completely different protein folds can catalyze an identical reaction and therefore would be assigned an identical EC number (a.k.a. non-homologous isofunctional enzymes, or NISE). By contrast, UniProt identifiers uniquely specify a protein by its amino acid sequence. URL: http://enzyme.expasy.org/.

ONT16

Epidemiology Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: eo. Epidemiology Ontology (EO) is designed to support the semantic annotation of epidemiology resources. It supports efforts to increase the amount of epidemiological data available, improve disease surveillance systems and promote collaboration among epidemiological researchers. The EO is integrated into NERO (Network of Epidemiology Related Ontologies), a collection of existing ontologies that supports the semantic annotation of epidemiology resources contained in the Epidemic Marketplace (EM), a platform for sharing resources and knowledge within the Epidemiology community. It includes terms such as carrier - an animal or plant harboring a specific infectious agent that serves as a potential source of infection. URL: https://code.google.com/p/epidemiology-ontology/.

ONT17

FOAF Vocabulary. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: foaf. FOAF is a project devoted to linking people and information using the Web. FOAF integrates three kinds of network: social networks of human collaboration, friendship and association; representational networks that describe a simplified view of a cartoon universe in factual terms and information networks that use Web-based linking to share independently published descriptions of this inter-connected world. FOAF does not compete with socially-oriented Web sites; rather it provides an approach in which different sites can tell different parts of the larger story and by which users can retain some control over their information in a non-proprietary format. URL: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/.

ONT18

Gazetteer. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: gaz. Gazetteer expands the traditional cataloging of place names and includes geographic elements such as spatial relationships, concepts and terms related to places. URL: http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=GAZ.

ONT19

GeoNames Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: geo. GeoNames Ontology makes it possible to add geospatial semantic information to the Word Wide Web. 8.3 million geonames toponyms have a unique URL with a corresponding RDF web service. Other services describe the relation between toponyms. URL: http://www.geonames.org/ontology/documentation.html.

ONT20

HUGO Gene Nomenclature. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: hgnc. Human Genome Organization (HUGO) Gene Nomenclature Committee at the European Bioinformatics Institute approves a gene name and symbol (short-form abbreviation) for each known human gene. URL: http://www.genenames.org/.

ONT21

Harmonized Tariff Schedule. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: hts. Harmonized Tariff Schedule (HTS) of the United States is the primary resource for determining tariff classifications for goods imported into the United States. It can also be used in place of Schedule B for classifying goods exported from the United States to foreign countries. The U.S. International Trade Commission is responsible for periodically updating it and makes it available in a variety of electronic formats. The U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule classifies a good based on its name, use, and/or the material used in its construction and assigns it a ten-digit number. There are over 17,000 unique ten-digit HTS classification code numbers. The Harmonized Tariff Schedule is based on the international Harmonized Commodity Coding and Classification System established by the World Customs Organization (WCO). Virtually all countries base their tariff schedules on the WCO's Harmonized System. URL: http://www.usitc.gov/tata/hts/bychapter/index.htm.

ONT22

Human Disease Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: doid. Human disease ontology (DOID) is a comprehensive hierarchical controlled vocabulary for human disease representation. It includes object property terms such as complicated by, has symptom, and transmitted by. It includes class terms such as nutritional deficiency disease, multiple chemical sensitivity, and food allergy. Ontomatica has mapped DOID to MeSH to promote interoperability. URL: http://do-wiki.nubic.northwestern.edu/do-wiki/index.php/Main_Page.

ONT23

IR-4. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: irf. IR-4 Project is the major resource for supplying pest management tools for specialty crop growers by developing research data to support new EPA tolerances and labeled product uses. URL: http://ir4.rutgers.edu/.

ONT24

Infectious Disease Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ido. Infectious Disease Ontology (IDO) is an ontology of entities relevant to biomedical and clinical aspects of infectious diseases. It includes terms such as pathogen, host, vector, and vaccine. URL: http://www.bioontology.org/wiki/index.php/Infectious_Disease_Ontology.

ONT25

Information Artifact Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: iao. Information Artifact Ontology (IAO) is an ontology of information entities. It includes class terms such as Content reference identifier (CRID) symbol, serial number, and graph. URL: https://code.google.com/p/information-artifact-ontology/.

ONT26

Logical Observation Identifier Names and Codes. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: loinc. LOINC ontology has standardized terms for observations and measurements that enable exchange and aggregation of electronic health data from many independent systems. URL: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/LNC/.

ONT27

Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: meddra. International Conference on Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) developed MedDRA. MedDRA is a specific standardized medical terminology to facilitate sharing of regulatory information internationally for medical products used by humans. MedDRA is used in the registration, documentation and safety monitoring of medical products both before and after a product has been authorized for sale. Products covered by the scope of MedDRA include pharmaceuticals, biologics, vaccines and drug-device combination products. URL: http://purl.bioontology.org/ontology/MDR/.

ONT28

Medical Subject Headings. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: mesh. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) is a comprehensive controlled vocabulary for the purpose of indexing journal articles and books in the life sciences; it can also serve as a thesaurus that facilitates searching. Created and updated by the United States National Library of Medicine (NLM), it is used by the MEDLINE/PubMed article database and by NLM's catalog of book holdings. It can be browsed and downloaded free of charge through PubMed. Originally in English, MeSH has been translated into numerous other languages and allows retrieval of documents from different languages. URL: http://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/MESH.

ONT29

Metadata Authority Description Schema in RDF. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: madsrdf. MADS/RDF (Metadata Authority Description Schema in RDF) is a knowledge organization system (KOS) designed for use with controlled values for names (personal, corporate, geographic, etc.), thesauri, taxonomies, subject heading systems and other controlled value lists. It is closely related to SKOS, the Simple Knowledge Organization System and a widely supported and adopted RDF vocabulary. MADS/RDF has been fully mapped to SKOS. It is presented as an OWL ontology. The MADS/RDF is designed as a data model for authority and vocabulary data used within the library and information science (LIS) community, which is inclusive of museums, archives and other cultural institutions. For example, MADS/RDF provides a means to record data from the Machine Readable Cataloging (MARC) Authorities format in RDF for use in semantic applications and Linked Data projects. URL: http://www.loc.gov/mads/rdf/v1#.

ONT30

NCBI Organismal Classification. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: taxon. NCBI Taxon is a taxonomic classification of living organisms and associated artifacts for their controlled description within the context of databases. URL: http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=NCBITaxon.

ONT31

NCI Thesaurus. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ncit. NCI Thesaurus (NCIt) provides reference terminology for many NCI and other systems. It covers vocabulary for clinical care, translational and basic research and public information and administrative activities. URL: http://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/pages/home.jsf?version=14.03e.

ONT32

National Agricultural Library Thesaurus. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: nalt. National Agricultural Library Thesaurus is primarily used for indexing and for improving retrieval of agricultural information. Currently, thesaurus is indexing vocabulary for the National Agricultural Library's bibliographic database of citations to agricultural resources, AGRICOLA. The Food Safety Research Information Office (FSRIO) and Agricultural Network Information Center (AgNIC) also use NALT as indexing vocabulary for their information systems. In addition, NALT is used as an aid for locating information at Agricultural Research Service, Economic Research Service and AgNIC web sites and databases. Thesaurus is organized into 17 subject categories, indicated by the Subject Category designation. Subject categories are used to browse Thesaurus in a specific discipline or subject area. Subject scope of agriculture is broadly defined in thesaurus and includes terminology in biological, physical and social sciences. Biological nomenclature comprises a majority of terms in the thesaurus and is located in the Taxonomic Classification of Organisms Subject Category. Political geography is mainly described at the country level. URL: http://lod.nal.usda.gov/nalt/.

ONT33

National Drug File - Reference Terminology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ndfrt. National Drug File - Reference Terminology (NDF-RT) is used by the US Veterans Administration as a reference standard for medications to support a variety of clinical, administrative and analytical purposes. URL: https://wiki.nci.nih.gov/display/VKC/National+Drug+File+-+Reference+Terminology.

ONT34

North American Industry Classification System. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: naics. North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used by business and government to classify business establishments according to type of economic activity (process of production) in Canada, Mexico and the United States of America. It has largely replaced the older Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) system. An establishment is typically a single physical location, though administratively distinct operations at a single location may be treated as distinct establishments. Each establishment is classified to an industry according to the primary business activity taking place there. URL: http://www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/.

ONT35

OBO Relation Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ro. Relations Ontology (RO) is a collection of OWL relations (ObjectProperties) intended for use across a wide variety of biological ontologies. URL: https://code.google.com/p/obo-relations/.

ONT36

Ontologies for e-Government. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: usgov. Ontologies for e-Government (usgov) include a Government Core Ontology, Democracy Ontology for associating published data with government bodies, and Organizational Structure of Government Bodies such as USDA, EPA and HHS (which includes NIH and FDA). URL: http://www.oegov.us/.

ONT37

Ontology for Biomedical Investigations. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: obi. Ontology for Biomedical Investigations (OBI) models the design of an investigation, the protocols and instrumentation used, the material used, the data generated and the type analysis performed on it. It will serve as a resource for annotating biomedical investigations, including the study design, protocols and instrumentation used, the data generated and the types of analysis performed on the data. URL: http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=OBI.

ONT38

Ontology for Clinical Research. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ocre. Ontology for Clinical Research (OCRe) is an ontology for planning, execution and analysis of clinical research, including longitudinal studies and clinical trials. It is used in conjunction with domain specific models of diseases and measurements to provide specific models of studies and trials. It includes object property terms such as is defined by, has route of administration, and has gender restriction. URL: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#.

ONT39

Ontology for Media Resources. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ma. Ontology for Media Resources 1.0 describes a core vocabulary of properties and a set of mappings between different metadata formats of media resources that describe media resources published on the Web (as opposed to local archives, museums, or other non-web related and non-shared collections of media resources). The purpose of these mappings is to provide metadata representations that describe the characteristics and behavior of media resources in an interoperable manner, thereby enabling different applications to share and reuse these metadata. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/mediaont-10/.

ONT40

Ontology of Adverse Events. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: oae. Ontology of Adverse Events (OAE) is a biomedical ontology in the domain of adverse events. OAE aims to standardize adverse event annotation, integrate various adverse event data and support computer-assisted reasoning. OAE is a community-based ontology. Its development follows the OBO Foundry principles. URL: http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=OAE.

ONT41

Ontology of units of Measure. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: om. Ontology of units of Measure and related concepts (OM) models concepts and relations important to scientific research. It focuses on units and quantities, measurements, and dimensions. URL: http://www.wurvoc.org/vocabularies/om-1.8/.

ONT42

Open Archives Initiative Object Reuse and Exchange. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: ore. Open Archives Initiative (OAI) is an interoperability framework for archives (institutional repositories) managing digital content (digital libraries). It allows people (service providers) to harvest metadata (from data providers). This metadata is used to provide value-added services often by combining different data sets. Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH) defines a mechanism for data providers to expose their metadata. Object Reuse and Exchange (OAI-ORE) defines standards for the description and exchange of aggregations of Web resources. URL: http://www.openarchives.org/ore/1.0/.

ONT43

PROV. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: prov. Provenance is information about entities, activities, and people involved in producing a piece of data or thing, which can be used to form assessments about its quality, reliability or trustworthiness. The PROV Family of Documents defines a model to enable inter-operable interchange of provenance information in heterogeneous environments such as the Web. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/2013/NOTE-prov-overview-20130430/.

ONT44

Phenotypic Quality Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: pato. Phenotypic qualities (PATO) ontology can be used in conjunction with other ontologies such as anatomical ontologies to refer to phenotypes. Examples of qualities are red, ectopic, high temperature, fused, small, edematous and arrested. URL: http://obofoundry.org/wiki/index.php/PATO:Main_Page.

ONT45

Physico-chemical methods and properties. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: fix. FIX consists of two ontologies: methods and properties (but not objects, which are subject of the chemical ontology). The methods are applied to study the properties. URL: http://www.ontobee.org/browser/index.php?o=FIX.

ONT46

Plant Environmental Conditions. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: peo. A structured, controlled vocabulary for the representation of plant environmental conditions. Prefix peo is used to avoid conflict with eo for Epidemiology Ontology. URL: http://archive.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=EO:0007359.

ONT47

Plant Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: po. Plant Ontology is a structured vocabulary and database resource that links plant anatomy, morphology and growth and development to plant genomics data. URL: http://www.plantontology.org/.

ONT48

Plant Trait Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: to. Plant Trait Ontology (TO) is a controlled vocabulary to describe phenotypic traits in plants. Each trait is a distinguishable feature, characteristic, quality or phenotypic feature of a developing or mature plant. URL: http://archive.gramene.org/db/ontology/search?id=TO:0000387.

ONT49

Resource Description Framework Schema. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: rdfs. RDF Schema provides a data-modeling vocabulary for RDF data. RDF Schema is an extension of the basic RDF vocabulary. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema/.

ONT50

Resource Description Framework. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: rdf. Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a standard model for data interchange on the Web. RDF has features that facilitate data merging even if the underlying schemas differ and it specifically supports the evolution of schemas over time without requiring all the data consumers to be changed. RDF extends the linking structure of the Web to use URIs to name the relationship between things as well as the two ends of the link (this is usually referred to as a triple). Using this simple model, it allows structured and semi-structured data to be mixed, exposed and shared across different applications. This linking structure forms a directed, labeled graph, where the edges represent the named link between two resources, represented by the graph nodes. This graph view is the easiest possible mental model for RDF and is often used in easy-to-understand visual explanations. URL: http://www.w3.org/RDF/.

ONT51

Schema.org. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: schema. Schema.org is an initiative launched by Bing, Google and Yahoo to create and support a common set of schemas for structured data markup on web pages. They propose using their ontology and Microdata in HTML5 to mark up website content with metadata about itself. Such markup can be recognized by search engine spiders and other parsers, thus gaining access to the meaning of the sites. URL: http://schema.org/.

ONT52

Simple Knowledge Organization System. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: skos. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS) is a common data model for sharing and linking knowledge organization systems via the Semantic Web. URL: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#.

ONT53

Soil Taxonomy. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: soil. Soil Taxonomy describes a natural body comprised of solids (minerals and organic matter), liquid and gases. Soil is characterized by horizons (distinguishable layers of material) and by ability to support rooted plants in a natural environment. URL: http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/wps/portal/nrcs/main/soils/survey/class/taxonomy/.

ONT54

Timeline Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: tl. Time line Ontology (TL) is a controlled vocabulary to identify a temporal backbone. A time line may support a signal, a video, a score, a work, or a growing season. URL: http://purl.org/NET/c4dm/timeline.owl#.

ONT55

UniProt Core Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: uniprot. UniProt Core Ontology defines properties and classes used for protein annotation. URL: http://www.uniprot.org/core/.

ONT56

Units of Measurement Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: uo. Units of Measurement Ontology (UO) is used to define metrical units for use in conjunction with PATO. URL: https://code.google.com/p/unit-ontology/.

ONT57

Vaccine Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: vo. Vaccine Ontology (VO) is a controlled vocabulary to ensure consistent representation of vaccine knowledge and to support automated reasoning. URL: http://www.violinet.org/vaccineontology/.

ONT58

Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: void. Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID) is an RDF Schema vocabulary for expressing metadata about RDF datasets. It enables the discovery and usage of linked data sets. A linked dataset is a collection of data, published and maintained by a single provider, available as RDF on the Web, where at least some of the resources in the dataset are identified by dereferenceable URIs. URL: http://rdfs.org/ns/void#.

ONT59

Web Of Trust RDF Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: wot. Web Of Trust (WOT) schema facilitates use of Public Key Cryptography tools such as PGP or GPG to sign RDF documents and document these signatures. URL: http://xmlns.com/wot/0.1/.

ONT60

Web Ontology Language. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: owl. Web Ontology Language (OWL) is a Semantic Web language designed to represent rich and complex knowledge about things, groups of things, and relations between things. OWL is a computational logic-based language such that knowledge expressed in OWL can be exploited by computer programs, e.g. to verify the consistency of that knowledge or to make implicit knowledge explicit. OWL documents, known as ontologies, can be published in the World Wide Web and may refer to or be referred from other OWL ontologies. OWL is part of the W3C's Semantic Web technology stack, which includes RDF, RDFS, SPARQL, etc. URL: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/OWL.

ONT61

XML Schema. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: xsd. XML schema is a description of a type of XML document, typically expressed in terms of constraints on the structure and content of documents of that type, above and beyond the basic syntactical constraints imposed by XML itself. These constraints are generally expressed using some combination of grammatical rules governing the order of elements, Boolean predicates that the content must satisfy, data types governing the content of elements and attributes and more specialized rules such as uniqueness and referential integrity constraints. URL: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#.

ONT62

vCard Ontology. last accessed: 17-Nov-2014. Using prefix: vcard. vCard ontology is used to describe people and organizations utilizing semantic web technique. URL: http://www.w3.org/TR/vcard-rdf/.